Posts Tagged ‘ Legal DNA test ’

DNA Paternity Testing – All That You Need to Know

Paternity Testing-DNA Testing

Legal DNA Testing

DNA paternity testing refers to the clinical testing procedure of the DNA samples of a man and a child, taken from their bodily fluid or tissue, in order to determine whether that particular man is the biological father of the child or not.

DNA Paternity Testing – The concept

The DNA in a human being is known as the unique genetic fingerprint which is present in each and every cell in that human’s body. Every person has a genetic code of 46 chromosomes which is a combined mix of 2 sets of 23 chromosomes each passed on by his / her biological parents. In simple words, when a baby is conceived, each parent passes on half of their genes, i.e. 23 chromosomes to the baby. Hence collecting a DNA sample from the baby and the alleged father and testing them thereof can either prove or disprove the biological fatherhood of that person in relation to that particular child.

DNA Paternity Testing – The Process

Since DNA is present in almost all our body cells, a small DNA sample can be got from several places. The most common sources are the blood or the buccal cells found inside the cheek of an individual.

A cotton swab is gently rubbed on the inside cheek of the mouth of a person to collect the necessary amount of buccal cells for DNA testing. This swab is then sent to the laboratory where a specific number of DNA sequences are tested to identify whether the sample DNA collected from the baby matches with those of the alleged father or not. Considered to be the most accurate relation testing mechanism in the world today, DNA paternity testing tells you with 99.9% accuracy whether any paternal relation exists between the two DNA samples tested.

DNA Paternity Testing – The Pre-Natal Process

Ancestry dna test or when the baby is still inside the mother’s womb calls for two different testing processes depending on the timing of pregnancy.

If the pregnancy is between 10 – 12 weeks, the DNA paternity testing process ‘chorionic villus sampling’ (CVS) is done where the child’s DNA sequence is ascertained by testing tissues from the placenta.

In case of 15 – 22 weeks of pregnancy, the DNA Paternity Testing process of ‘amniocentesis’ is performed where the child’s DNA sample is withdrawn by passing a needle through the mother’s abdomen for collecting amniotic fluid which also contains cells from the baby’s body.

It must be remembered that the chances of miscarriage are 1 in 100 and 1 in 200 for CVS and amniocentesis processes respectively. These days, it is possible to perform DNA testing of the child by taking blood sample of the pregnant woman. This test does not pose any risk to the child.

DNA Paternity Testing – Home Kits

There exists many laboratories who provide Home Testing kits for DNA Paternity Tests where instructions and tools to conduct a cheek cell swab test by oneself is provided. The collected sample needs to be sent to a laboratory for testing. However, it must be noted that for legal matters when the results need to be permissible in the court, home kits would not suffice.

DNA Paternity Testing Costs

It is always better to contact your nearest facility to get the exact quotation. However, for a Home Testing Kit, the cost is approximately around $100 while to get a proper Legal dna test done form an accredited facility, $500 would be required for the complete process. Hence, for cheap DNA paternity test home testing kit would be more preferable.

2013
07/04
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Know About DNA Paternity Testing and the Procedure Followed in it

Legal Dna Test

Paternity Testing

It is not every day that the paternity of a child is questioned. In these cases the paternity of the offspring needs to be ascertained through legal dna testing. Now-a-days lots of DNA testing methods and testing labs have come into existence. These tests are now being used for legal, medical and forensic purposes. Let us now understand the various steps involved in the underlying process of DNA paternity testing.

1. Sample Collection

Most of the companies use the simple buccal swabs for collecting the samples. This is a simple and painless paternity testing process, which uses the logic that DNA is present in every cell of the body. The swab needs to be just swiped inside the tester’s mouth, to collect the saliva.

2. Process in the Laboratory

DNA samples, which include cheek cell containing swabs of both father and child, are essential for the laboratory testing. There are even self testing kits available which allow you to collect the sample privately in your home. Samples from mother can also be tested, if she is enthusiastic and capable of providing one. The tests from father-child or father-mother-child will both be irrefutably same. The samples must reach the lab without any contamination or tampering.

3. Procedure of DNA testing

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method is mostly used for DNA paternity testing. In this procedure the Legal DNA test is first segregated from the rest of the cell matter and precise locations (loci) of the DNA sample are then studied. Due to the existence of two sets of chromosomes, each locus value of the child has two readings, one matching with the birth mother and another with the birth father.
If Mother= (1,2) and Father=(3,4), then child can be (1,3)(1,4)(2,3) or (2,4)

4. Calculation of Paternity Index

For each match the paternity index is established. This is the measure of the frequency in which that particular loci match occurs in a particular race and the probability of that subject being the biological parent based upon that locus. Clearly one locus is insufficient to provide conclusive results. So, companies that perform multiple loci tests are preferable, along with the 13 CODIS loci.

5. Probability Percentage of the Paternity Index

Each locus has a unique paternity index. After getting all the loci matches, they are combined to get a percentage of probability for the subject’s paternity. For instance, if one locus of the test subject does not match the child’s, then the index value for that locus would be zero (0). In a non-match, further sample analysis may be needed. 1-2 non-matches may need further testing of up to 25 pointer study. More than three non-matches will be concluded to be negative, meaning that the tested person is not the biological parent of the child.

Finally, select a company which can give upto 99.99% probability of paternity index. Most of the companies promise it, but provide only upto 99%, leaving a chance of 1% out. So, for conclusive proof of paternity, the 99.99% is the best choice. The tested person is 99.999% more likely to be the father of the child as compared to any other man in the tested race population.

2013
06/21
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DNA Paternity Testing – Tracing its need and popularity

DNA relationship testing – dna testing.

dna paternity test

Whenever the situation of finding concrete scientific evidence of a potential father comes, simple blood test is not sufficient and DNA relationship testing technique should also be followed. In case of finding the maternity of a child, such techniques are not needed as the woman who gave birth is the genetic and legal mother, except in the cases of surrogate motherhood.

Hence, in most of the cases, it is easy to determine the maternity of a child than the paternity. In the past, to answer the questions of the paternity of a child the scientists had to determine the Phenotypes or specific blood types of the child. With the help of their specific Phenotype the potential father was identified. But this method gave inconclusive results.

So, from then on the common approach to determine the child’s paternity was by the occurrence of specific genotypic marker. Thereafter, the DNA fingerprinting became available for paternity testing or dna testing.

Before the invention of modern DNA analysis techniques the dna paternity test was based on the blood type testing. There are various human blood groups, which constitute multiple alleles with variety of dominance patterns. The blood typing method was not trusted for a while by the legal system due to some drawbacks. For example, ABO blood typing cannot be used to determine that a man is potential father of a child.

While a man with AB blood group can be considered as potential father of a child with blood group that has either of the A or B alleles or both. The rule is a father can pass any of the two alleles to the offspring.

2013
03/28
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DNA testing: Unravel the mystery shrouding father-baby relation

DNA paternity test- cheap DNA testing

DNA test

cheap DNA testDNA paternity test decisively establishes the biological father of a child through identification and evaluation of genetic information stored in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in cells.

Major reasons for carrying out DNA tests

    • To conclusively settle any conflict pertaining to the real father of a baby.
    • To check the identity of alleged fathers for babies who were switched at the time of birth or have been separated from their kin owing to natural disaster, wars etc.
    • To make the child eligible to receive the entire array of social and other benefits that should legally come a child’s way by virtue of being the rightful kid of a citizen.
    • To bring about peace of mind for all involved
    • To reinforce the bonding of love and loyalty between father and child
    • To trace the identity of a body if it has been badly mutilated or decomposed, or if only body parts are available. Such a tragic situation can arise during war or natural calamity.

Preparing for DNA paternity test

You should disclose to the doctor whether you have undergone blood transfusion within a period of three months preceding the test. Any other special preparation is not required to face the test. You should consult in detail with the doctor regarding your concerns, risks involved, procedure to be followed and the significance of the test outcome. Only a government accredited lab should be preferred which offer cheap DNA testing.

Factors that can potentially affect the test’s outcome

  • The sample size can influence the accuracy of DNA paternity testing outcome. Substantial amount of cells should be collected as the probability of target DNA getting mixed up with adjacent non-relevant DNA becomes higher with a smaller sample.
2013
03/23
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DNA Paternity Testing When the Father is Deceased

DNA testing- Paternity testing

cheap paternity testing

Paternity testing is used to determine the biological relationship between a child and an alleged father. It helps to determine whether the father in question is the biological father of the child. Usually DNA testing is used to settle child custody or child support cases or for immigration purposes. It can also be done to give the mother and alleged father peace of mind. Under normal circumstances, cheap paternity testing is pretty easy as all the parties involved have to send buccal swabs to an accredited laboratory, which will then conduct DNA test and determine the child’s paternity. However, if the alleged father is deceased, it can make paternity testing a little difficult, but it is not impossible.

Here are some options that can help determine a child’s paternity in case the father is deceased:

Relationship Testing

If the father is deceased, the situation becomes a little complicated, but you can still prove the child’s paternity. There are DNA testing methods available that can establish the paternity by analyzing the child’s DNA and that of close family members from the father’s side and establishing a relationship. This would involve comparing the child’s DNA to alleged grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousin. Although an indirect method, it can still determine paternity.

Other Alternatives

  • In case the father is recently deceased (up to a week), an accredited laboratory can still get viable sample to do cheap dna testing. In such cases, hair samples or fingernail cuttings are used. The hair should have the root attached to it. It is important that the samples are taken within a week of the demise in order for the laboratory to extract DNA and establish paternity.
  • In case the father has already been interred, there is no need to get upset. You can still opt for paternity testing. This can be done by providing the laboratory with indirect samples. These samples can be taken from the deceased father’s toothbrush, a cup used by the alleged father and not washed after use or even a cigarette butt. This method of paternity testing is complicated, as it is not easy to extract DNA from the samples, but if the laboratory is accredited and possesses the know-how, it will be able to get the required amount of DNA to conduct the test and determine paternity. However, it is important to note that this method of DNA testing does not guarantee success.
  • The last alternative is exhuming the body of the alleged father. This requires a court order and once that is received, the body can be exhumed. Usually soft tissue is taken from the body and DNA is extracted from the tissue and then compared to the child’s DNA profile. However, if there is no soft tissue, bone sample from the femoral or humerus is taken and analyzed. At times, even teeth can be taken. This DNA Paternity test is only conducted in case of an urgent reason when paternity has to be established legally.

Though the best way to determine paternity of your child is to get DNA testing done while the alleged father is still alive but if the father dies, you can still prove paternity using one of the aforementioned methods.

2013
03/04
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Top 5 Questions about Paternity Testing

Paternity Testing- DNA Testing

Cheap Paternity Test

There are times when a couple mutually decides to go for paternity testing and at other times, either the woman or the man decides to opt for cheap paternity testing. The reason for DNA testing could be to help the child get support from the alleged father, to get access to the child or for immigration purposes. Regardless of the reason for paternity testing, there are five questions that most people have related to the testing:

Q 1. Is DNA testing the best way to determine paternity?

Yes, this is currently the best way to determine your child’s paternity. It is a fool-proof method to prove without a doubt whether the alleged father is the biological father of the child. In fact, this method of determining paternity is 99.9 percent accurate and if the alleged father is not the biological father, the same test can be 100 percent accurate to prove the same.

Q 2. What is the difference between home DNA testing and legal DNA testing?

In home testing, you can buy a DNA test kit at a pharmacy or through online resources. This kit is inexpensive and will have swabs that you use to collect the DNA sample from the alleged father and child. Even the mother can collect her DNA samples. Once the samples are collected, they are dispatched to a DNA testing laboratory where they are analyzed and the paternity or maternity is determined. However, this method of testing for paternity has a few drawbacks. First, there is no way to ensure that the samples do not get contaminated during the collection or transportation to the laboratory. Hence, this kind of cheap paternity testing cannot be used for legal issues, such as child support or child custody cases. On the other hand, legal DNA testing is a better alternative if the mother and father want to settle legal issues or use the test results for immigration purposes. In this kind of testing a qualified and accredited laboratory uses chain of custody to collect and analyze the samples and prove dna paternity test of the child in question.

Q 3. How should a person choose a lab for cheap paternity testing?

It is important to choose a laboratory that is accredited and follows chain of custody. The laboratory should be responsible for collecting the samples and also analyzing them. Furthermore, the laboratory should have skilled and qualified technicians and personnel who are well-versed with the techniques of paternity testing. To ensure dedicated service, the lab should just do DNA testing and should not offer this testing as part of its many services.

Q 4. Does the mother of the child also have to give samples?

Although not mandatory, it can be extremely helpful if the mother provides her DNA samples. This allows the laboratory to exclude the mother’s DNA and hastens the testing process. When the mother’s samples are not available, the laboratory has to perform more tests to determine paternity and this can take a little more time.

Q 5. How are the DNA samples collected?

The most preferred method of sample collection is taking buccal swabs from the insides of the cheeks. This is a non-invasive method of DNA sample collection and is used by majority of accredited laboratories.

These are some of the commonly asked questions when it comes to cheap dna testing. Once you are aware of the answers to these questions, it makes it easier for you to choose the right laboratory and get the paternity testing done.

2013
02/27
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Which DNA Test Lab Should You Choose For Paternity Testing?

Sibling DNA test – legal DNA testing

DNA testing

Are you looking forward to get legally DNA test done? If yes then don’t worry, there are many options available. You might be very much stressed with the Sibling DNA test. Many times legal result are important for cases like child custody or changing the name of child or even for social security or any other benefits involved. All these processes might be complicated and take a lot of time but DNA testing is not as difficult as you think.

Things to consider before choosing DNA test Lab

DNA test is a simple procedure and it can be easily performed at home if legal proceedings are not involved. The result can be obtained within a day or two. For legal DNA testing process, one needs to consider many things. Firstly, it should be performed in AABB accredited lab. The AABB is a governing body that usually set the standards for all types of relationship testing process. Thus while choosing the lab for the Paternity test one should assure that the lab is listed on the AABB website.

Next important thing for DNA testing is that the DNA collection should be witnessed by a third party person. The witness should also not be related to the DNA test applicants. The witness can either be a professional or someone whom the family wants to perform the service. Paid witness is also available thus people can contact them and take their help. These are only the requirements in case of the witness.

The last requirement for the Paternity Testing process is the participants should be identified properly at the time of collection. For this, one should submit a copy of photo ID proof, a copy of photo and birth certificate. This requirement should be compulsory met by the applicant.

Many online companies provide services for legal DNA Paternity Test Thus one can consider this option and choose the best company. Agents can also help the applicants in finding a good company that helps throughout the process. Before choosing any company, the applicant should know their history and credibility. The company should have good experience and should be renowned in their field.

Above all, legal DNA test is not at all a complicated process as it seems at first. The applicant should thus move with ease and should have patience, they would get the results fast and all their questions would be answered through the test

2013
02/21
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DNA testing: Inexpensive way to test the validity of relationships

Immigration DNA Test- Ancestry DNA Test

DNA Test

Paternity Test DNA testing can decisively answer your queries regarding the parentage of a child. Maternity DNA testing is the ultimate solution to gauge the relationship status of an alleged mother with a child. The outcome is fraught with immense benefits and peace of mind inevitably accompanies it. Every court of law accords legal approval to the results of tests conducted through accredited labs.

Understanding the concept

Fetus formation is the outcome of the fusion of male sperm and female ovum. The child’s genetic profile is constituted of DNA strands bearing stark resemblance in structure and composition to the parents DNA. Half the DNA strands are inherited from father and the other half from mother. Paternity DNA testing or maternity tests involve comparing the DNA constitution of the child’s cells with those of supposed father or mother. The outcome will establish the authenticity of claim with an accuracy of over 99.9%. Accredited labs offering cheap DNA testing will send a home kit with comprehensive instruction manual to conduct the cell collection at home. Non painful buccal swab test is the standard method of collecting cells for DNA analysis. The buccal swab treated with chemicals is rubbed against the cheek’s walls inside the mouth to glean cells.

Applications of DNA test outcomes

The test results can be effectively used to settle conclusively any dispute regarding the origin of a child. It makes the child eligible for laying claim to the entire array of social benefits that should come his way owing to his attachment to a particular country. immigration dna test has taken the monetary burden off the shoulders of those who earlier were daunted by the inordinate costs of the procedure.

The DNA profile of the child collected through paternity ancestry dna test and maternity DNA testing will reveal a world of information regarding the disposition, health and other traits. The child will share the anatomical pattern with his parents. An expert can sound the alert on time if he detects that inherent disease causing seeds of the parents have been passed along to the child. Further, the result can be used as concrete evidence to prove a biological relationship for people separated by geographical barriers. Obtaining a visa for immigration clearance could be potentially hindered due to absence of adequate documentation. The Paternity testing outcome can substantiate the claim of a relationship and make one eligible for granting of visa.

Close relatives too share certain degree of similarity in the genetic profiles. People who have been separated through unfortunate natural or manmade disasters can hope to unite and rebuild the family tree based on the findings of DNA profile comparison.

Cheap DNA testing or Paternity test offers everyone an opportunity to test the validity of any doubts regarding the biological connection with a particular individual. The test outcome is declared in a short span and the same has been accorded legal status. Using the test kits at home is extremely simple. The test result is always accompanied by peace of mind and people can bond together with newfound warmth in relationships.

DDC southafrica also provide services like grandparents dna test

2013
02/18
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